Doubtful+Sound

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 * [[image:P1350818.JPG width="432" height="324"]]

fiords, fascinating survey pegs of history on a topographic map.
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freely as the pinned out flags show.
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 * [[image:P1350834.JPG width="432" height="324"]] || [[image:P1350858.JPG width="428" height="311"]]

Turning a 3D mountain into a 2D map - decoding contours...
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Slicing up a mountain to turn it into contour code...
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 * [[image:P1350840.JPG width="432" height="298"]]

Recreating the last Ice Age by reading contour clues...
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valleys, U- and V-shaped valleys, tarns, moraines and more...
|| =Survey Pegs and Doubtful Ghosts= ====The senior students are preparing for a camp in Doubtful Sound. The South West coast of New Zealand is remote, wild and mountainous and lies directly in the pathway of the Roaring 40's westerly air stream.==== ====These prevailing westerly winds presented a problem for early explorers in their sailing ships. Once blown inside the mountainous fiords they were very "doubtful" they could get back out again. They needed a wind==== ====to blow from the east to catch their sails. Even with an easterly wing, the narrow fiords lay thousands of metres below the mountain tops, completely sheltered from the wind by the giant mountain walls.==== ====Doubtful Sound is full of place names linked to the first explorers. By matching each place name to the explorer who gave it, students discovered that place names are like survey pegs of the past and set in stone====

Doubtful Sound Explorers:

 * ==[[image:allencentre/cook.png width="271" height="316"]]== || [[image:malaspina.png width="251" height="324"]] || [[image:grono.png width="244" height="321"]] || [[image:stokes.png width="257" height="326"]] ||
 * [[image:britain flag cook width="267" height="161"]] || [[image:Spanish ensign width="262" height="163"]] || [[image:seals width="249" height="187"]] || [[image:acheron width="263" height="186"]] ||
 * ====**Captain James Cook**====

**1770**
|| ====**Alessandro Malaspina**====

**1793**
|| ====**Captain John Grono**====

**1809**
|| ====**John Lort Stokes**====

**1851**
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//" La expedición Malaspina tuvo por misión realizar una serie de experimentos....." //

 * [[image:P1350865.JPG width="488" height="380"]]

[[file:From Malaspina's Journal.pdf]]
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a member of the only Spanish expedition to New Zealand.
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The Perfect School Camp - An Ancient Landscape Carved by Ice, Shaken by Earthquakes, Battered by Wind and Drowned by Rain...

 * ==[[image:Fiordland-Map2.jpg width="530" height="618"]]==

Early European explorers gave the names of Sounds to these dramatic valleys, however
==a true ‘sound’ is a river valley that has been flooded due to the land sinking below sea level. ==

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today.
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 * [[image:rainfall ans southern alps width="536" height="367"]] ||  || == Doubtful Weather - A very wet mix of wind, sea and land. ==

Plains.
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 * [[image:DoubtfullSound_96_.jpg width="528" height="351" align="center"]]

water vapour condenses and falls as sheeting rain
||  || ===="It rained and rained and rained and rained,====

and after that, the rain set in."
- Anon ||  ||
 * [[image:glacier1 width="532" height="323"]]

the dramatic U-shaped valleys we see in Doubtful Sound today.
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you can spot horns, arêtes, hanging valleys and former glacier troughs.
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 * ====[[image:u-shape valley width="550" height="367"]]====

floor and the more sharply angled the V shape.
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mountain peaks lining Doubtful Sound.
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 * ==[|Understanding Topographic Maps] ==

media type="custom" key="24021586"

Contour lines follow lines in the landscape that are the same elevation.
[|How to read contour lines]

||  || [|Finding Ice Age Clues on a Topographic Map]

media type="custom" key="24240074" align="center"

Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk

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 * [[image:freshwater layer width="356" height="464" align="center"]]



**Brachiopods** Source: http://www.ianskipworth.com ||  || ==Beneath the Reflections==

unchanged for over 300 million years.


**Brittle Snake Star on Black Coral (it's the dead coral's skeleton that is black)** Source: http://www.ianskipworth.com

Click **[|HERE]** for a gallery of underwater species found in the 40 metre band. ||  ||

Experiment: The Freshwater Layer

 * [[image:1-P1360080.JPG width="370" height="307"]] || [[image:3-P1360083.JPG width="366" height="300"]] || [[image:6-P1360095.JPG width="207" height="305" align="center"]] || [[image:5-P1360102.JPG width="363" height="289"]] ||
 * ====Step 1: Make the sea water and the freshwater layer.====

Freshwater layer: Make a quantity of very strong tea.
|| ====Step 2: The jar is the fjord, the salty water is the sea and the====

denser salty sea water.
|| ====Step 3: The torch is the sunlight.====

filter out the light.
|| ====The arrows mark the colour of the light passing through the====

they actually are and make their homes closer to the surface.
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Manapouri Power Station

 * media type="custom" key="24084658" || ==Hydroelectric Power is made from the energy of falling water...==

It is this difference in height that makes Manapouri a perfect site for generating hydroelectric power.

 * ====The water, falling through a pipe called a ‘penstock’, is used to spin a turbine.====
 * ====These turbines look like large wheels with wide spokes.====
 * ====The water hits the blades and pushes them to make the turbine spin.====
 * ====The spinning turbine spins the generator, which generates the electricity.====
 * ====This spinning therefore ‘changes’ the force of falling water into electricity.====

It's not possible to store large amounts of electricity. But it is possible to store water in dams or lakes.
The water is stored in Lakes Te Anau and Manapouri which are joined by the Waiau River.

Lake Manapouri which would damage the forests and plants along the lake's edge.
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